"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation."
- The Fifth Amendment from the United States of America's Constitution.
Every year more and more people move to the suburbs. These people want the convenience of being located near a city with the space of living outside of a city. The suburbs seem to be the perfect solution and compromise between town and country. But, are they really as good as they seem?
These suburbanites are creating what is referred to as "suburban sprawl". Suburban sprawl is the ever increasing landmass of these communities. The shopping malls, the parking lots, the perfect facade of a place in tune with nature through its' landscaping. Places that used to be called the country and farm land have been turned into yuppie-villes in a twisted form of irony that used to belong exclusively to Hooverville shanty towns created from joblessness. Now, instead of Hoovervilles we have the nuclear family creating sprawling self-contained communities as an off- shoot of corporate capitalism. It is hard to find any locally owned and operated stores in these communities. With rent too high and ever increasing in addition to most of its inhabitants supporting the "local" economy with jobs working in international corporations it isn't too hard to see that the stores holding together these self-contained communities are in fact large global corporations.
With more and more fleeing like refugees from the inter cities to these communities it leaves only those behind who cannot afford to move away. Namely, minorities. The great cities of the past are slowly becoming abandoned hulks with only the underprivileged remaining. With the middle and lower classes losing their manual labor jobs to outsourcing by the corporations closing factories and the upper and upper middle class leaving in a mass exodus to the 'burbs, it is destroying the inter cities.
Furthermore, these communities make the people living there rely on their cars even more since they are built and landscaped purely for cars. Their size and scale, their often times lack of even sidewalks and the mass parking lots leave little choice for people to use other means. They very often enough support no public transportation system what so ever which further exacerbates this situation. This of course leads to pollution of the environment, dependents and over use of natural resources along with a sedentary lifestyle which can lead to obesity.
This "American lifestyle" is a trend catching on all over the world. Predicting the long term ramifications of this trend is easy enough. These communities have been around for many years in their current form in the USA. The problems they cause and will continue causing in the future is apparent. However, the question remaining is; what can be done to stop the suburbs from taking over the world?
The only way to fight is with the law. The current laws in the USA are made for suburban development, not against it. Zoning laws were created to regulate property. In certain areas you can use your land however you see fit. However, in most areas it is restricted to a degree. Some are only for residential purposes, others only for industry. Zoning laws cannot be applied to buildings built before these laws were enacted. This level of organization in principal sounds good. However, it creates suburban sprawl. Having unmixed areas leads to areas only for strip malls and other unsightly corporate business areas, others only for large newly developed suburban neighborhoods that stretch on for miles with their own rules such as being able to pick between only a handful of architectual plans for your house. These rules create the symmetry that are suburban communities. These zoning laws are controlled by the local government and can be heavily influenced by companies wanting to build what is beneficial to them by throwing money at the local officials. These officials say that whatever they zone to be built will be beneficial to the community, take for example, its economy. Thus it will be approved by a board of local leaders that will most likely make money off of this project themselves.
How is this legal in the USA?
The ability to control what can be put where as far as property goes falls under the police power rights the government may exercise over real property. It was intended to protect existing residences or businesses from incompatibility problems, such as a toxic waste dump being put next to a school. Under the Fifth Amendment of the USA constitution it states that property can be seized if and only if just compensation is given and if it benefits the people in some justifiable way. Such as a small track of land which has been bought from local land owners to create a sidewalk.
The problem of this comes from what beneficial means. A business being build generates money and jobs so that is good for a local economy thus is a benefit to the people and land can be bought or zoned by the government for this purpose. But what about when this is more beneficial to the corporations and the people who voted for this than the people themselves. Is that what the Fifth Amendment intended?
The only way to stop suburban sprawl is for zoning laws to be overturned in court as unconstitutional because this development is not for public use and thus goes against the Fifth Amendment. To stop its spread to the rest of the world the people must simply see what the full impact is to a community.
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